중남미

The initiatives of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) regarding the mitigation of the adverse effects of aviation on climate change are reviewed in the context of the negotiations on the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Some results of the Brazilian National Inventory of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) for Aviation are presented and discussed. The data show that the CO2 emissions by the aviation sector in Brazil have increased over the period focused following the increase observed in traffic. Data also show gains in fuel efficiency, defined as the ratio between fuel consumption and the amount of tons-km equivalent, which suggest that without such improvement, the emissions of GHG would be even greater. Recent increases in the average capacity and the low age of the Brazilian aircraft fleet contributed to the observed improvement of the environmental efficiency of aviation sector in Brazil. Finally the environmental aspects of the recently adopted Brazilian National Policy of Civil Aviation vis-à-vis the environmental objectives of ICAO are also reviewed.