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[경제] Urban Competitiveness in Brazil’s State of Amazonas : A Green Growth Agenda - Companion Report to 'A Balancing Act for Brazil’s Amazonian States : An Economic Memorandum'
브라질 국외연구자료 연구보고서 - World Bank 발간일 : 2023-05-05 등록일 : 2023-05-11 원문링크
Amazonas is the most industrialized state among Brazil’s nine states of the Legal Amazon (here called Amazonia). It is supported by a special economic zone (SEZ), the Zona Franca de Manaus (ZFM). More than 70 percent of its population (2.7 million) live in the Manaus Greater Area. Amazonas’s industrialization is closely connected with the ZFM, introduced as an SEZ in 1967 by the Brazilian government in a geostrategic effort to settle and develop Amazonia. Focused on industrial production, the ZFM has enabled Amazonas to leapfrog other states in the region through more rapid development of a sizable urban manufacturing sector. It has attracted multinational corporations and made Amazonas one of the most affluent states in Amazônia, with Manaus roughly on par with Belem among Amazônia’s largest cities. This report explores some policies that could help achieve this. Many of these policies, such as state-level regulatory changes, need not be constrained to Manaus or the ZFM. Others are more specific to the ZFM, with a suggestion to eventually transform it into an eco-industrial park. Such policies could enable Manaus to become an economic node in a network of productive Amazonian cities. A competitive and productive Manaus can thus play a positive role in Amazônia’s, and Brazil’s, economy, with beneficial externalities for natural forests at a lower cost to the public coffers. And a shift toward more competitive business climate could eventually reduce the fiscal liability associated with tax incentives of the ZFM. The suggested reform priorities value all levels of government and require strong coordination across the municipal, state, and federal levels. Perhaps the key rationale for the ZFM as an SEZ is its geographic remoteness and associated high transport costs. But there is considerable policy space to reduce the costs of distance and to improve connectivity with markets in more sustainable and less fiscally costly ways than in the current model. Following a review of the current model, anchored in the ZFM, this report focuses on reform priorities to make urban Amazonas (essentially Manaus and its surrounding areas) more competitive. The present report leverages a novel data source: Brazilian sales invoices from all transactions that took place in 2018. To examine subnational competitiveness, data are needed on international and interstate transactions. The report uses Brazilian firm-level tax data aggregated at state level for this purpose. Using firm-level tax data is relatively new in Brazil, offering great analytical potential.
본 페이지에 등재된 자료는 운영기관(KIEP) 및 EMERiCs의 공식적인 입장을 대변하고 있지 않습니다.
